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Partial researchResearch snapshot 2026-09-13. Evidence gaps remain; see Coverage for requirements.

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Office briefing

PARAÍSO — Municipal council

Tracked current office. Identifiers stay separate from display names.

Costa Rica · PARAÍSO / CARTAGO · municipal · Municipal councilCR-C-CARTAGO-PARAISO

Read the complete original research briefing

TSE vote books joined to official elected-member declarations where geographic and total checks reconcile. Substitutes retained separately. Subsequent replacements and current officeholder status require review.

1. What office, where, and when is the next election?

Geography
PARAÍSO / CARTAGO
Next election
2028-02-06
Linked upcoming event
next-cd3466d737d85e11b84c680e
Registry qualification
Unknown

2. How certain is that date?

2028-02-06 is expected (not formally called). Day precision. A date without a formal call is not confirmed.

3. Who won earlier selected elections?

2024-02-04

Ordinary · Legal certification not established · list votes

  • UNIDOS PODEMOS35.5%
  • LIBERACIÓN NACIONAL22.6%
  • LIBERAL PROGRESISTA10.5%
  • UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANA8.6%
  • FRENTE AMPLIO6.0%
  • REPUBLICANO SOCIAL CRISTIANO3.5%
  • NUEVA GENERACIÓN3.4%
  • ACTUEMOS YA3.2%
  • AQUÍ COSTA RICA MANDA2.8%
  • PUEBLO SOBERANO2.1%
  • NUEVA REPÚBLICA1.8%
Results for event-185e6a9223f1054eb8b9d3b2
Label / candidateParty codeVotesShareSeatsStatus
UNIDOS PODEMOScosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20246,81535.5%3Recorded
LIBERACIÓN NACIONALcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20244,34222.6%2Recorded
LIBERAL PROGRESISTAcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20242,01210.5%1Recorded
UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20241,6458.6%1Recorded
FRENTE AMPLIOcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20241,1496%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
REPUBLICANO SOCIAL CRISTIANOcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20246673.5%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
NUEVA GENERACIÓNcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20246613.4%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
ACTUEMOS YAcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20246193.2%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
AQUÍ COSTA RICA MANDAcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20245322.8%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
PUEBLO SOBERANOcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20244082.1%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
NUEVA REPÚBLICAcosta-rica/Sc1df243471/20243551.8%0 (recorded zero)Recorded

2020-02-02

Ordinary · Legal certification not established · list votes

  • LIBERACIÓN NACIONAL21.8%
  • ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓN20.4%
  • FRENTE AMPLIO11.7%
  • UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANA9.6%
  • ACTUEMOS YA7.4%
  • ALIANZA DEMÓCRATA CRISTIANA7.0%
  • UNIDOS PODEMOS5.2%
  • INTEGRACIÓN NACIONAL5.0%
  • RESTAURACIÓN NACIONAL4.3%
  • ACCIÓN CIUDADANA4.2%
  • LIBERAL PROGRESISTA1.9%
  • NUEVA REPUBLICA0.8%
  • VERDE ECOLOGISTA0.6%
Results for event-caac7b140e25c347470b5a3b
Label / candidateParty codeVotesShareSeatsStatus
LIBERACIÓN NACIONALcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20203,99521.8%2Recorded
ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20203,73020.4%2Recorded
FRENTE AMPLIOcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20202,13511.7%1Recorded
UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20201,7529.6%1Recorded
ACTUEMOS YAcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20201,3567.4%1Recorded
ALIANZA DEMÓCRATA CRISTIANAcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20201,2847%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
UNIDOS PODEMOScosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20209475.2%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
INTEGRACIÓN NACIONALcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20209195%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
RESTAURACIÓN NACIONALcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20207894.3%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
ACCIÓN CIUDADANAcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20207774.2%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
LIBERAL PROGRESISTAcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20203561.9%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
NUEVA REPUBLICAcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20201440.8%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
VERDE ECOLOGISTAcosta-rica/Sfa91292290/20201140.6%0 (recorded zero)Recorded

2016-02-07

Ordinary · Legal certification not established · list votes

  • ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓN23.2%
  • LIBERACIÓN NACIONAL18.2%
  • VERDE17.8%
  • UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANA12.3%
  • NUEVA GENERACIÓN9.5%
  • ALIANZA DEMÓCRATA CRISTIANA5.5%
  • FRENTE AMPLIO3.9%
  • ACCIÓN CIUDADANA3.2%
  • MOVIMIENTO LIBERTARIO3.0%
  • REPUBLICANO SOCIAL CRISTIANO2.1%
  • RENOVACIÓN COSTARRICENSE1.2%
Results for event-d45efb2c19d3968636fb3853
Label / candidateParty codeVotesShareSeatsStatus
ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20164,27323.2%2Recorded
LIBERACIÓN NACIONALcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20163,35418.2%2Recorded
VERDEcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20163,26717.8%1Recorded
UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20162,25612.3%1Recorded
NUEVA GENERACIÓNcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20161,7469.5%1Recorded
ALIANZA DEMÓCRATA CRISTIANAcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20161,0175.5%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
FRENTE AMPLIOcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20167203.9%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
ACCIÓN CIUDADANAcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20165903.2%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
MOVIMIENTO LIBERTARIOcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20165553%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
REPUBLICANO SOCIAL CRISTIANOcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20163862.1%0 (recorded zero)Recorded
RENOVACIÓN COSTARRICENSEcosta-rica/S79669f3e5d/20162231.2%0 (recorded zero)Recorded

4. Competition and volatility

competition index

Provisional imported-series CI

56.70–100 historical closeness

Actual-event and/or comparability review incomplete

Comparison status: Provisional imported-series comparison; actual-event review open

Method ci.weighted-gap.v1. Inputs: latest_gap=12.876854985680808, oldest_gap=4.998096481209551, previous_gap=1.4482457099136532

pedersen volatility

Provisional volatility

40.66percentage points

Grouped Pedersen lower bound (percentage points). Twelve explicitly named standalone national parties; accent variants normalized. Local parties and coalitions remain Other. No alliance votes are attributed to individual member parties. An interval is withheld if either election has no list mapped to an explicit named group. This is aggregate share change, not individual voter switching. Event review: Actual-event and/or comparability review incomplete

Comparison status: Latest interval

Method pedersen.grouped.v1. Inputs: groups=["PLN","PUSC","PAC","Frente Amplio","PRN","Nueva Republica","PML","PIN","PASE","PRSC","PLP","PPSD","Other"], interval=Latest interval, vectors=[[22.608695652173914,8.565477740171831,0,5.98281697474616,0,1.848476959125228,0,0,0,3.4730538922155687,10.476438427492841,0,47.04504035407446],[21.83298721171713,9.574816919881954,4.2463657230298395,11.667941851568477,4.31194666083725,0.7869712536889277,0,5.022406820417532,20.384741501803475,0,1.945567821619849,0,20.226254235435565],[18.24114863762441,12.269538260727687,3.2087888181867625,3.9158100832109644,0,0,3.018436939141785,0,23.23924511883396,2.0993092946103227,0,0,34.007722847664105]]

pedersen volatility

Provisional volatility

24.45percentage points

Grouped Pedersen lower bound (percentage points). Twelve explicitly named standalone national parties; accent variants normalized. Local parties and coalitions remain Other. No alliance votes are attributed to individual member parties. An interval is withheld if either election has no list mapped to an explicit named group. This is aggregate share change, not individual voter switching. Event review: Actual-event and/or comparability review incomplete

Comparison status: Previous interval

Method pedersen.grouped.v1. Inputs: groups=["PLN","PUSC","PAC","Frente Amplio","PRN","Nueva Republica","PML","PIN","PASE","PRSC","PLP","PPSD","Other"], interval=Previous interval, vectors=[[22.608695652173914,8.565477740171831,0,5.98281697474616,0,1.848476959125228,0,0,0,3.4730538922155687,10.476438427492841,0,47.04504035407446],[21.83298721171713,9.574816919881954,4.2463657230298395,11.667941851568477,4.31194666083725,0.7869712536889277,0,5.022406820417532,20.384741501803475,0,1.945567821619849,0,20.226254235435565],[18.24114863762441,12.269538260727687,3.2087888181867625,3.9158100832109644,0,0,3.018436939141785,0,23.23924511883396,2.0993092946103227,0,0,34.007722847664105]]

pedersen volatility

Provisional volatility

32.55percentage points

Grouped Pedersen lower bound (percentage points). Twelve explicitly named standalone national parties; accent variants normalized. Local parties and coalitions remain Other. No alliance votes are attributed to individual member parties. An interval is withheld if either election has no list mapped to an explicit named group. This is aggregate share change, not individual voter switching. Event review: Actual-event and/or comparability review incomplete

Comparison status: Both intervals mean

Method pedersen.grouped.v1. Inputs: groups=["PLN","PUSC","PAC","Frente Amplio","PRN","Nueva Republica","PML","PIN","PASE","PRSC","PLP","PPSD","Other"], interval=Both intervals mean, vectors=[[22.608695652173914,8.565477740171831,0,5.98281697474616,0,1.848476959125228,0,0,0,3.4730538922155687,10.476438427492841,0,47.04504035407446],[21.83298721171713,9.574816919881954,4.2463657230298395,11.667941851568477,4.31194666083725,0.7869712536889277,0,5.022406820417532,20.384741501803475,0,1.945567821619849,0,20.226254235435565],[18.24114863762441,12.269538260727687,3.2087888181867625,3.9158100832109644,0,0,3.018436939141785,0,23.23924511883396,2.0993092946103227,0,0,34.007722847664105]]

Source-reported control: Unverified. Current tenure requires separate dated evidence.

5. Officeholder evidence

Dated roster observations are not automatically current tenure. The source current-office flag means this office is tracked now, not that the last winner still holds it.

Officeholder observations
PersonRoleAs ofAffiliationPrincipal?
KATTIA ALFARO SAENZREGIDURÍAS PROPIETARIAS2024UNIDOS PODEMOSprincipal
JAIME ANDRES COTO ESPINOZAREGIDURÍAS PROPIETARIAS2024UNIDOS PODEMOSprincipal
MILANY SOFIA OBANDO MORAREGIDURÍAS PROPIETARIAS2024UNIDOS PODEMOSprincipal
LUIS DIEGO CALDERON SANCHEZREGIDURÍAS PROPIETARIAS2024LIBERACIÓN NACIONALprincipal
SILVIA ELENA ARCE ARAYAREGIDURÍAS PROPIETARIAS2024LIBERACIÓN NACIONALprincipal
ALDO MATA COGHIREGIDURÍAS PROPIETARIAS2024LIBERAL PROGRESISTAprincipal
AGUSTIN ENRIQUE SILES SOLANOREGIDURÍAS PROPIETARIAS2024UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAprincipal
MARIA GABRIELA SOLANO MARINREGIDURÍAS SUPLENTES2024UNIDOS PODEMOSsubstitute
JULIO SANCHEZ SOTOREGIDURÍAS SUPLENTES2024UNIDOS PODEMOSsubstitute
ANA CATALINA BARQUERO QUESADAREGIDURÍAS SUPLENTES2024UNIDOS PODEMOSsubstitute
JAVIER MAURICIO HERNANDEZ CASTILLOREGIDURÍAS SUPLENTES2024LIBERACIÓN NACIONALsubstitute
SUSSANA IRENE MATA QUESADAREGIDURÍAS SUPLENTES2024LIBERACIÓN NACIONALsubstitute
FELIPE ALBERTO LOAIZA ARAYAREGIDURÍAS SUPLENTES2024LIBERAL PROGRESISTAsubstitute
WALTER SOLANO SEGURAREGIDURÍAS SUPLENTES2024UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAsubstitute
MARCOS ARMANDO SOLANO MOYAREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2020LIBERACIÓN NACIONALprincipal
YURY DE LA CRUZ ACOSTA TORRESREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2020LIBERACIÓN NACIONALprincipal
ALEXANDER MATA ARROYOREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2020ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNprincipal
HELLEN VEGA CALDERONREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2020ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNprincipal
JULIO SANCHEZ SOTOREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2020FRENTE AMPLIOprincipal
JORGE RODRIGUEZ ARAYAREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2020UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAprincipal
JAIRO RAMIREZ VEGAREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2020ACTUEMOS YAprincipal
BRYAN ALEJANDRO SEGURA SOLANOREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2020LIBERACIÓN NACIONALsubstitute
SILVIA JOHANNA RIOS RUIZREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2020LIBERACIÓN NACIONALsubstitute
PAULA DURAN QUIROSREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2020ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNsubstitute
WALTER SOLANO SEGURAREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2020ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNsubstitute
EMILIA COTO MOYAREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2020FRENTE AMPLIOsubstitute
MERCEDES ARRIETA IROLAREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2020UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAsubstitute
ESTER RAMIREZ CAMPOSREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2020ACTUEMOS YAsubstitute
WILLIAM SOLANO DURANREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2016ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNprincipal
XIOMARA SANCHEZ MEZAREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2016ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNprincipal
ROBERTO SOLANO AVENDAÑOREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2016LIBERACIÓN NACIONALprincipal
DAMARIS SOLANO CASTILLOREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2016LIBERACIÓN NACIONALprincipal
SONIA LUCIA MATA COTOREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2016VERDEprincipal
IVANNIA MARCELA SOLANO VEGAREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2016UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAprincipal
NELSON ANDRES MOYA MOYAREGIDORES(AS) PROPIETARIOS(AS)2016NUEVA GENERACIÓNprincipal
SELANIA LOAIZA SOTOREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2016ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNsubstitute
MIGUEL RAMIREZ LORIAREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2016ACCESIBILIDAD SIN EXCLUSIÓNsubstitute
ROSALIA MIRANDA ASTORGAREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2016LIBERACIÓN NACIONALsubstitute
JORGE BADILLA ARAYAREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2016LIBERACIÓN NACIONALsubstitute
ALEXANDER MATA ARROYOREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2016VERDEsubstitute
LUIS ZUÑIGA FERNANDEZREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2016UNIDAD SOCIAL CRISTIANAsubstitute
NIDIA MARIA MATA VARGASREGIDORES(AS) SUPLENTES2016NUEVA GENERACIÓNsubstitute

6. Polling context

No local poll supplied.

7. Unresolved issues and sources

  • other · open

    Published province heading correction: {"issue": "Published province heading correction", "year": 2020, "area": "Heredia", "source_id": "S41377daad8", "resolution": "The amendment corrects CARTAGO to HEREDIA in the second table heading. It changes no votes, winners or seats; the original declaration is joined to Heredia."}

Sources

Cite this record

Center for Digital Democracy. “PARAÍSO — Municipal council.” Subnational Election Observatory, releaselatin-america-fe5e91689def, snapshot 2026-09-13. /electiondatabase/offices/CR-C-CARTAGO-PARAISO. Sources: costa-rica--url-ae6cfb21525f974d8912a00e, costa-rica--url-9b0bf8940eb485b811da317e, costa-rica--url-f8a1e09c9e89a7e5e9c55114, costa-rica--Sc1df243471, costa-rica--Sfdb34a0455, costa-rica--Sfa91292290, costa-rica--S10ab3f0804, costa-rica--S79669f3e5d, costa-rica--S191613a2ba.